Here, we assume a muon-damped p source with an E 2 spectrum. The blue dashed (red dotted) curve corresponds to the superluminal neutrino (subluminal antineutrino) component. The hypothetical boson mediating the interaction between neutrino and dark matter is also discussed. The black solid curve corresponds to the total flux on Earth for the best-fit CPTV scenario. In this model all superluminal neutrino decay mechanisms proposed in other studies are allowed. This model does not violate the Lorentz symmetry since the tachyonic state is generated by the quantum fluctuation of the neutrino initial energy, even if it requires to conjecture the presence of a quantum field that we ascribe to be that due to dark matter. Within this framework, a new model based on the Hartman effect is proposed, according to which the neutrino becomes superluminal by quantum tunnelling, crossing a potential barrier generated by its interaction with the earth's crust matter. It is proved that for the models in which the Lorentz symmetry is violated, the decay mechanism leading to neutrino oscillation becomes possible. Especially if you fly.In this study the data of the OPERA and MINOS experiments, together with those related to the SN1987A supernova, are discussed in the context of the recent theories proposed for the superluminal muon neutrino. You might be surprised to learn that muons make up a pretty sizable chunk of your annual exposure to radiation. Muons, electrons and the W bosons all participate in the electromagnetic force, so while rare, it isn’t totally unexpected. Rarer still, an extra photon will be produced. Occasionally - far less than one percent of the time - the muon’s decay will create a bonus pair of particles: an electron/positron pair. But conservation of energy still allows for a few other options. You see, \(E = mc^\), and the mass difference between the muon and an electron is pretty sizable, so much of that extra energy gets converted into velocity. Life is complicated, of course, and there are a few other alternative scenarios. The W boson itself then transforms into the electron and an anti-electron neutrino. Schematically, the muon transforms into that W boson and a muon neutrino. It is based on the introduction of a new superluminal, massless gauge boson coupling to the neutrino only, but not to other standard model particles. That decay process is mediated by a heavy, photon like particle, the W boson. In this article an idea is presented, which allows for the explanation of superluminal muon neutrinos. Muons typically decay into electrons and a pair of neutrini: very light, electrically neutral particles we will meet soon. By particle physics standards, a microsecond is an eternity. Muons, despite being unstable, are relatively long lived particles, hanging around just over a couple of microseconds. Muons decay courtesy of the weak nuclear force, which of course, is a very weak force. Since muons and antimuons decay, we don’t usually worry too much about who’s who, unless we’re counting charges. Like the positron they’re also positively charged. That’s a pattern we will see in particle physics, over and over again. Problem of Superluminal Neutrino Independent, Hidefumi Kubota E-mail: : Abstract Because the muon neutrinos which OPERA Collaboration launched were given an impulse more than 'mc/2', they entered into Minus world and did superluminal motion in there without going against the special theory of relativity. They’re heavy, and because they otherwise act like electrons, they decay to electrons. Experimenters identified them in 19 by recording neutrino interactions creating either electrons or muons. Unlike the electron, muons are not stable particles. First-generation electron neutrinos and their second-generation cousins, muon neutrinos, are easier to produce and detect than tau neutrinos. Like the electron, the muon interacts via the electromagnetic, weak and gravitational forces. Indeed, the muon and the electron share many of the same properties. The muon’s electric charge is identical with that of the electron. It’s about two hundred times the mass of the electron. Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam. At 105.7 MeV, it’s a moderately sized mass. And as for reaching the stars on the tails of superluminal muon-neutrinos I wouldn't hold out hope for that. Like all elementary particles, muons have no known size. Muons are created by the collision of particles from outer space smashing into the molecules of the upper atmosphere. They’re falling all around us, all the time. Muons are a lesser known species of elementary particles that are extremely common, at least on Earth.
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